According to the National Cancer Institute, colorectal cancer is among the most common cancers behind breast, lung, and prostate. It is also the second leading cause of cancer deaths, trailing only lung cancer. Fortunately, colorectal is one of the most treatable cancers when it is detected in its earliest stages. Colorectal cancer can develop in either gender, and has no racial or ethnic preference. While it can develop at any age, it is most commonly found in those over 50.
What is a Colonoscopy?
The most effective method for detecting colorectal cancer is with a colonoscopy, an outpatient procedure in which the colon and rectum are examined from the inside. During the process, a colonoscope (a thin, flexible, tube-like camera) is lubricated and inserted into the rectum and gently advanced through the bowels, transmitting images back to the doctor for analysis.
Colonoscopy Diagram
Preparing for the Procedure
Prior to the colonoscopy, some preparation by the patient is needed. This includes:
· • Providing your doctor with a complete medical history, including any current condition, and a list of current medications you may be taking
· • Limiting and eliminating solid foods from your system; in addition to a dietary adjustment, you may also need to take an oral laxative, such as Moviprep
· • Taking medication to help you feel relaxed and drowsy
You will be in a state of semi-consciousness from the medications, but not fully asleep, as the doctor performing the colonoscopy may need you to shift your body occasionally. If abnormalities are observed, a biopsy will be performed as part of the procedure. The entire process should last thirty to sixty minutes, and on-site recovery is about half an hour. You will need someone to take you home.
Importance of a Colorectal Exam
Early screening for colorectal cancer can detect pre-cancerous polyps so they can be removed before they metastasize into cancerous bodies. Screenings can also find cancer at its earliest stages, when treatment has a 90% success rate.
In a recent study, “Colonoscopy Linked to Reduced Colorectal Cancer Mortality,” researchers found that as the number of colonoscopies performed increased, the incidence of colorectal cancer decreased by half. In addition, there was a similar reduction in the number of deaths from colon cancer.
However, if individuals wait too long to be screened, and detection does not occur until the cancer has advanced to its later changes, there is little impact on mortality reduction, and the death rate remains high.
All evidence points to the importance and necessity for regular screening for colorectal cancer, especially as individuals enter the at-risk age group. When performed, it is the key factor in significantly reducing the incidence of early stage cancer and, subsequently, the development of late stage cancer when the mortality rate is at its highest.
