Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the medical term for the physical and medical symptoms many women experience before their period begins. Signs of this condition vary among women and differ in severity. PMS symptoms tend to be mild, while premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a rarer, severe, and disabling form of PMS.
As many as 85% of menstruating women experience symptoms of PMS and of those, aound 5-10% experience PMDD. PMS and PMDD can occur at any age.
Why Does PMS Happen?
It’s unclear exactly why PMS occurs, although there are researchers who study the effects of estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones on female body chemistry. There is a possibility that the menstrual cycle may make women more sensitive to hormone changes within their bodies. There are also studies that suggest that imbalances of serotonin (a brain chemical) may be a factor in PMDD. It’s also important to note that while stress does not cause PMS, it can worsen the symptoms.
What Are the Possible Symptoms of PMS and PMDD
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Physical Symptoms: |
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How Do You Treat PMS?
You can treat PMS symptoms through different means, including:
Medication: Common pain medications, including NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like naproxen or ibuprofen, can help with PMS symptoms like cramping or headaches. NSAIDs also help with nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. You can discuss additional medications for your PMS with a doctor.
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| Taking a pain reliever such as ibuprofen can help treat common PMS symptoms. Source: nih.gov |
Lifestyle and Diet: Regular exercise, consistent sleep, and healthy food can help with PMS symptoms in some cases. Managing your stress and limiting sodium, caffeine, and alcohol intake during PMS can help mitigate unpleasant symptoms. Talk to your doctor about which foods to avoid during certain points in your menstrual cycle.
Therapy: Talking to a counselor about emotional issues or problems with relationships in your life may help relieve some symptoms. There are also support groups for PMS, including group therapy options.
Alternative Treatments: There are additional ways to treat the signs of PMS, including nutritional supplements, acupuncture, and certain aerobic exercises. You can discuss some of these options with your healthcare provider to determine their efficacy.
Conclusion
PMS is a part of many women’s lives. While the symptoms can range from mild to severe, there are methods of mitigating and treating them. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best options for treating your PMS symptoms.
